Hey, David .. nice write up! I just saw this now, not sure how I missed it before.
Only a couple of points I can add, as you covered things pretty well already.
1. if you warm up the resin, any air bubbles can rise to the top easier. You can
warm it up by putting a jar of resin in a pan of hot tap water. You want to get it
warm enough that it gets thin, no need to go much more than that.
2. I also find that when pouring the resin, I put a popsicle stick across the rim of
the cup/jar and let the resin flow down the stick to wherever I'm pouring. It just
eliminates one more place where air could get into the mix. I usually touch the
stick to either the tube or to the center of the mold.
3. Depending on the type of paper you use, some can trap air more than others. So
you start out with what looks like a great casting, only to find that while it cures,
air leeches out of the paper and into the resin, ruining your cast. A coating of
glue, resin or even lacquer can help.. but make sure you give it a day or two to
off-gas before pouring. Some people paint the tubes with resin.
4. Inkjet labels should dry for a good day or more before casting. Inks contain lots
of water, which WILL react with the resin, especially polyurethane resins.
5. Don't try to turn too soon. Resins can get firm to the touch and hard enough to
de-mold fairly quickly, but that doesn't mean they're ready yet. I know some people
turn 3 or 4 hours after pouring (and with colored resin you can get away with that)
but if you're doing something clear it might not work. The resin can still be soft
(relatively soft..) inside and when the lathe is driving the resin at high RPM's and
your cutting tools are "putting the brakes on" .. the torque can cause the resin to
lift away from the label slightly .. giving you air gaps. Looks like the silver shimmer.
Nice pic of doing the edge BEFORE applying the label! For some dumb reason, I
usually put the label on and then try to hide the seam. I make extra labels for when
my pen goes where I didn't plan for it to go ..