You may find this interesting

John Cadogan the Automotive Engineer has some interesting comments to make on his U tube videos on NOT fitting a spring washer on vehicle towbar.

There is the original video that generated some dissent

CRACKED! Hi-tensile bolts Vs chassis Vs dealer incompetence | Auto Expert John Cadogan - YouTube


and discussion of those comments on a following video:

The applied physics of high tensile bolted joints and assembly in cars | Auto Expert John Cadogan - YouTube

I certainly had no idea about NOT using spring washers.

Grahame


Read and reply to the full thread at metalworkorums.com....