Meaning of the term HEPA:
Originally the "A" stood for "Arrestance" so "High Efficiency Particulate Arrestance".
The A = Air was later adopted because most people didn't know the meaning of arrestance and the term "filter" was usually added on..
The filtration efficiency eg 99.9% is a meaningless term unless a particle size is specified. Usually this is 0.3 µm since this is usually the particle size that most easily pass through these filters. If a filter claiming to be a HEPA has no particle size attached to its efficiency then it may not even be a HEPA.
To be a HEPA filter it must meet a standard like the the EU Standard ( 99.95% ) or USE ASME standard 99.97% for 0.3 μm particles.
The efficiency is always greater for particle diameters larger than 0.3 µm and even sometimes for particles smaller than 0.3 μm. The later only applies for particles down to about 0.05µm and does not apply to gases (~0.3nm) as of course air has to be able to pass through the fllters.
Viruses are typically 0.1 µm and are able to be efficiently filtered out by high quality filters.
I posted something about this here https://www.woodworkforums.com/f200/.../3#post2188384